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Volume 6 Number 1 January 2020

Cultural Terms in Translation: Techniques and Gaps


Authors: Dr. Ramesh Prasad Adhikary
Pages: 8-14
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/ellr.61.8.14
Abstract
The article entitled Techniques and Gaps in Translation of Cultural Terms is an attempt to find out the techniques adopted in translates in cultural terms an observe gaps in the process of translation. The main purpose of this study has to evaluate the techniques of translation of cultural words and to find out the gaps. For this purpose, the researcher collected cultural terms as corpus of data for the study from Nepali cultural words and the corresponding translated words from the English language. They were categorized them into five different categories. Findings of the study shows that ten different techniques such as literal, addition, deletion, claque, back translation, borrowing, definition are to be found to have been employed in translating cultural words of the novel. Among them literal translation was the most frequent which cover most of the part in translation. Similarly six types of gap were found in this study.

Adverb Use in Iraqi Autistic Children: A Case Study


Authors: Basim Jubair Kadhim ; Prof. Qasim Obayes Al-Azzawy ; Saeed Mahdi Abdulraheem
Pages: 1-7
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/ellr.61.1.7
Abstract
This study is concerned with the Iraqi autistic patients’ conceptualization of adverbs of time and place at the levels of production and recognition. To measure the mental ability of a particular category of autistic patients in terms of adverb use, a group of seven to ten years of age, in the school of Hama’im Al-Salam for Language Impaired Children have been variously tested; using spontaneous oral tests by their own teachers. A number of twenty-five patient-students are selected to be representative enough. After collecting the data and conducting a qualitative and quantitive analysis, the study has come up with certain conclusions. Chief among them is that Iraqi autistic patients fail, most of the time, to recognize time adverb more than place adverbs using the silence as a strategy to show their failure in recognition and production of adverbs. Furthermore, certain paralinguistic cures are employed as the rolling of the eyes, nodding the head and smiling.